Costs, benefits and ethics of animal welfare. A copy of such certificate shall accompany the shipment to destination. NAFTA has six main advantages, according to a Congressional Research Service report prepared in 2017. The certificate shall include the information required by section 3.136 (c)(1)-(4). USDA'sAnimaland Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) conducts licensing and inspections of zoos to ensure compliance with the minimum standards of care required by the Animal Welfare Act. 2.133 (b)). Farm animals are not covered by the AWA. Are places of entertainment appropriate for wild animals to live in it normally? (a)(1) Any person who operates or wishes to operate as a dealer or exhibitor must have a valid license and must be at least 18 years old. (1) If, in the opinion of the attending veterinarian, it is inappropriate for certain dogs to exercise because of their health, condition, or well-being, the dealer or exhibitor may be exempted from meeting the requirements of this section for those dogs. Terms in this . Pros Explained. In the context of applications of genetic engineering in human life, misuse of this technology in the production of biological warfare or weapons is a very major disadvantage. A strong advocate of animal rights is the People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals or PETA. Animals housed in the same primary enclosure must be compatible and not be housed near animals that interfere with their health or cause them discomfort. Food and water instructions must be attached in accordance with section 3.13 (c). Drugs used to prevent and treat cancer, HIV, diabetes, and other serious conditions have all been tested on animals first. The termanimalmeans any live or dead dog, cat, monkey (nonhuman primate mammal), guinea pig, hamster, rabbit, or such other warm-blooded animal, as the Secretary may determine is being used, or is intended for use, for research, testing, experimentation, or exhibition purposes, or as a pet; but such term excludes (1) birds, rats of the genus Rattus, and mice of the genus Mus, bred for use in research, (2) horses not used for research purposes, and (3) other farm animals, such as, but not limited to livestock or poultry, used or intended for use as food or fiber, or livestock or poultry used or intended for use for improving animal nutrition, breeding, management, or production efficiency, or for improving the quality of food or fiber. Although animal research plays a crucial role in experiments focused on disease treatments and preventions, it is cruel, inhumane, and should be stopped. (3) Records of any exemptions must be maintained and made available to USDA officials upon request. The welfare test, as applied to intra-family disputes, is found in Part I of the 1995 Act. 3.60 (c)). Application is to be made on a form furnished by the AC Regional Director and is to be filed with the AC Regional Director in the state in which that person operates or intends to operate. The advantages are that you have a boss that looks after you and takes care of the problems and issues in everyday. This experimentation has been practiced since around 500 BCE, and has allowed the human race to discover many things that otherwise would have not been discovered (ProCon). Not finding what you're looking for or need help searching within the AWA regulations? There must also be a focus on the potential for good. The certificate shall include the information required in section 3.60 (c)(1)-(4). (Sect. For centuries, animal testing has been used in the medical research field, however many are now beginning to question whether it is ethical. Nonhuman primates must be confined in primary enclosures that meet the requirements of section 3.87 (a),(b),(c),(d) and (e). List of the Advantages of Welfare 1. Created by. Section 2.133 Certification for random source dogs and cats. Learn. a barrister for over 20 years, working in the field of animal. (e) Carriers and intermediate handlers must not accept a nonhuman primate for transport in commerce unless their animal holding area facilities meet the minimum temperature requirements provided in sections 3.91 and 3.92, or unless the consignor provides them with a certificate signed by a veterinarian and dated no more than 10 days before delivery to the carrier or intermediate handler, certifying that the animal is acclimated to temperatures lower than those that are required in sections 3.91 and 3.92.A copy of the certification must accompany the nonhuman primate to its destination and must include the information set forth in section 3.86 (e)(1)-(5) for each primary enclosure. let`s find out. Candidates for experimental tests require special food, shelter and care that dont come cheap. Section 2.125 Information as to business. They improve plant growth and physiological activities of plants. Save animal lives Testing and experiments done on animals are not always reliable in certain situations. It empowers the Animal Care program of the USDA's Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) to issue licenses and adopt and enforce regulations meant to protect the basic welfare of. Welfare Act, 2 J. Accordingly, you may wish to contact the appropriate state and local authorities such as Animal Control or your state's Department of Agriculture. And for the purpose of what? Government intervention shall decrease the social costs of livestock farming and increase the social benefit of animal welfare. 12 May 2021. Section 1 defines an "animal" as a vertebrate (other than a human) from the sub-phylum vertebrata of the phylum chordata. To quote, The plan must address social grouping; enriching the environment, with special consideration for great apes; caring for infants, young juveniles, and those primates showing signs of psychological distress; and ensuring the well-being of those primates who are used in a protocol requiring restricted activity (Conlee). Each dealer and exhibitor shall furnish any APHIS official any information concerning the business that the APHIS official may request in connection with the enforcement of the Act, regulations and standards. katie_barnes69. The standards are applied through our higher welfare food labelling and farm assurance scheme, RSPCA Assured, as well as being used by a . (a) "If any dealer or exhibitor obtains prior approval of the AC Regional Director, he may arrange to have another person hold animals for the required period provided for in paragraph (a) of section 2.101:Provided,That:" (Sect.2.102 (a)). Many zoos also incorporate other . The certification must include the requirements set forth in section 3.86 (c)(1)-(4). 3.14 (h)). Any person subject to the Animal Welfare regulations (9 CFR parts 1, 2 and 3) must not transport or deliver for transport in commerce a dog or cat unless the following requirements are met: (a) (6) The primary enclosure is to be clearly marked on top and on one or more sides with the words "Live Animals", in letters at least 1 inch high, and with arrows or other markings to indicate the correct upright position. Primary enclosures must be clearly marked in English on the top and on one or more sides with the words "Wild Animals", or "Live Animals", in letters at least 1 inch high and with arrows or other markings to indicate the correct upright position of the primary enclosure. The requirements for field studies are set forth in Parts 1 and 2 of 9 CFR (2022) and are indicated below. Question is why, are the laboratory experiment animals are not protected and treated well. The requirements forreports, notifications, certifications, and record keeping are set forth in Part 2 of 9 CFR (2022) and are indicated below. (a) Every auction sale or broker shall make and maintain records or forms, as required by section 2.76, for each animal consigned or sold. vehicles.For purposes of this Act, animal welfare pertains to the physical and psychological well-being of animals. (Sect. Save animal lives Testing and experiments done on animals are not always reliable in certain situations. Animal care and welfare Legislation, Standards & Guidelines and information on animal care and welfare. Typically, FE studies used ecological study designs to compare human health and provide a brief overview of the population and communities in developing specific disease . The completed application, the application fee indicated in section 2.1 (d) and the annual license fee indicated in table 1 or 2 of section 2.6 are to be filed with the APHIS, AC Regional Director. The first four domains focus . (Sect.2.80 (a)). Flashcards. The disadvantage of animal research is that it lessens the value of life. I believe that animal testing is beneficial because it provides opportunities to improve the lives of both humans and animals. 587 Words 3 Pages Good Essays Inaccurate Animal Testing Millions of animals are killed per year due to animal testing, so is this practice worth banning? These pet companions known as dogs are the most common victims of animal abuse and are accounting for 64.5% of all documented cruelty cases that are media reported (Dog Abuse). (Sect. (Sect. Learn. So, there really is no need to use animals for testing or hurt them in the process. (a) No dealer, exhibitor, operator of an auction sale, broker, or department, agency, or instrumentality of the United States or any State or local government shall deliver to an intermediate handler or carrier for transport, or shall transport, in commerce, any dog, cat, or nonhuman primate unless such animal is accompanied by a health certificate executed and issued by a licensed veterinarian in accordance with the requirements of section 2.78. This will result in destruction of economies based on these products. (d) "A dealer who acquires a live dog or cat from another dealer must obtain from that dealer the certification required by paragraph (b) of this section and must attach that certification (including any previously attached certification) to the certification which he or she provides pursuant to paragraph (b) of this section (a photocopy of the original certification will be deemed a duplicate original if the dealer does not dispose of all the dogs or cats in a single transaction)." The Animal Welfare Act of 1996, also called the Laboratory Animal Welfare Act, was an act signed into law on August 24, 1966, by former President Lyndon B. Johnson. Some people believe that animal, The Pros And Cons Of The Animal Welfare Act. (c) Carriers and intermediate handlers whose facilities fail to meet the minimum temperature allowed by the standards may accept for transportation or transport, in commerce, any live animal . if the consignor furnishes to the carrier or intermediate handler a certificate executed by a veterinarian . on a specific date which shall not be more than 10 days prior to delivery of such animal for transportation in commerce, stating that such live animal is acclimated to air temperatures lower than those prescribed in sections 3.141 and 3.142. Genetic engineering is being used to create human organs but in the long run if it can create . (b) Carriers and intermediate handlers must not accept a dog or cat for transport in commerce unless they are provided with the name, address and telephone number of the consignee. 8.12 The Animal Welfare Act 2006 (which applies in England and Wales), the Animal Health and Welfare (Scotland) Act 2006 and the Welfare of Animals (Northern Ireland) Act 2011 contain provisions to safeguard the welfare of animals. U.S. law permits animals to be shocked, burned, poisoned, infected with diseases, brain-damaged, and much more. Section 3.113 Primary enclosures used to transport marine mammals. 89% of scientists surveyed by the Pew Research Center were in favor of animal testing for scientific research. The government can change the consumption behavior of the consumers and the production process of livestock by intervening the market using a carrot approach so that the price system will lead the society to an efficient outcome of animal welfare. (Sect. (Sect.2.132 (e)(2)). 2. The Disadvantages of a Zoo. The Animal Welfare Act of 1966, was signed into law by President Lyndon B. Johnson, and its the only Federal law in the United States that regulated treatment and care of animals in research. (g) "A complete necropsy must be conducted by or under the direct supervision of a veterinarian on all marine mammals that die in captivity. They were starved to death just weeks after the racing season was over (Kitzmiller). (Sect. If it does, then it can be tested on humans with a lower risk of a negative outcome. Animal Welfare Act. Alternative testing methods. Extent of the Zoo Licensing Act 2.1 Section 1 makes clear that all zoos that are open to the public, with or without charge on seven or more days in a twelve-month period need a licence from their local authority to operate. Shipping documents that must accompany shipments of dogs and catsmust be securely attached in a readily accessible manner to the outside of any primary enclosure that is a part of the shipment, in a manner that allows them to be detached for examination and securely reattached. Written contingency plans must be submitted to and approved by the AC Deputy Administrator regarding emergency sources of water and electric power in the event of failure of the primary sources, when such failure could reasonably be expected to be detrimental to the good health and well-being of the marine mammal housed therein." There is a huge difference between giving animals their rights which is less than human beings and not to give them rights at all. Subpart D - Attending Veterinarian and Adequate Veterinary Care. (e) "A dealer who completes, provides, or receives a certification required under paragraph (b) of this section shall keep, maintain, and make available for APHIS inspection a copy of the certification for at least 1 year following disposition." Examples include release of birds of prey with foot inju-ries or beak injuries, release of mammals with fractures etc. A practical approach to animal welfare law lays out the central. breeders, those who have working animals or farm animals in England and Wales. Transfer of animals by way of sale or prize to persons under 16 12. The certificate shall include the information required in section 3.60 (b)(1)-(4). Section 3.36 Primary enclosures used to transport live guinea pigs and hamsters. The bill proposes animals should be in an environment which satisfies their basic physical and psychological needs. Section 2.132 Procurement of random source dogs and cats, dealers. 3.110 (d)). Section 3.86 Consignment to carriers and intermediate handlers. (Sect. (Sect. Premises Registration Step 2. (b) Any person who is licensed must file an application for a license renewal and an annual report form and pay the required fees, on or before the expiration date of the present license or the license will automatically terminate on its anniversary date. The use of animals in research has once again become a provocative and controversial topic of debate between many scientists and some other members of the public. The plan must be in accordance with the currently accepted professional standards as cited in appropriate professional journals or reference guides, and as directed by the attending veterinarian. 2.8). (Sect.2.126 (a)(2)). Imagine an enraged animal rights activist charging toward a scientist in a white lab coat, desperate to free the little mice that are being used as test subjects. (2) The animals remain under the total control and responsibility of the dealer or exhibitor. After all, humans and certain species are extremely different, resulting in tests that are inconclusive. The lack of this information leads anti-animal testing individuals and groups to discuss how the experiments animals are forced to suffer are more than often flawed and limited without, Rights are against the use of force and they are our primary if not only our means of survival. It enumerates the right for animals to be free from cruel and unnecessary experiments. (b) Unless otherwise specified, the records required to be kept and maintained under this part shall be held for one year after an animal is euthanized or disposed of and for any period in excess of one year as necessary to comply with any applicable Federal, State, or local law. These animals live among humans and are providing a lot more benefits to them in every way. The disadvantage with animal rights is that it equates animal life with human life. The Animal Welfare Act establishes requirements concerning the transportation, sale, and handling of certain animals and includes restrictions on the importation of dogs for purposes of resale, prohibitions on animal fighting ventures, and provisions intended to prevent the theft of personal pets. 3.60 (b)). Assurances that animals are being raised according to these guidelines are provided through voluntary third-party audits rather than legislation. 2.11 Conclusions and implications. These requirements are found in Title 9 CFR, Chapter 1, Subchapter A - Animal Welfare, Parts 1, 2, and 3. (a) A class "A" dealer (breeder) shall identify all live dogs and cats as indicated in section 2.50 (a). Test. Those who have the heart to inflict this type of brutality do this by immobilizing them in restraint devices for hours, in order to drill holes into their skulls and have their spinal cords crushed (PETA). The certification must include the information required in section 3.13 (c)(1)-(4). Section 2.78 Health certification and identification. Section 2.31 (c)(6) and (7) requires the IACUC to review and approve, or make modifications to, proposed and ongoing activities related to the care and use of animals as specified in section 2.31(d). The Animal Welfare Act 2006 defines "animal" as a 'vertebrate other than man,' and excludes animals in 'foetal or embryonic form." Key cruelty offences are largely limited to "protected" animals. For example, the routine docking of dogs' tails is banned but working dogs are . Section 3.16 Food and water requirements. It can fund other types of organizations that will help improve the world or resolve certain economic or social issues. It allows the confiscation of individual. Records of all such test results shall be maintained by management for a 1-year period and must be made available for inspection purposes on request." (5) To document, by the taking of photographs and other means, conditions and areas of noncompliance. The quality of water and air were maintained with the existence of essential life forms. The use of animal testing has increased, due to its many necessary benefits, such as: helping form vaccinations and uncovering new diseases in the specific species being tested on (AALAS). Our inspectors conduct unannounced visits to licensed or registered facilities where they review all areas of care and treatment covered under the law. Ethics; ANS 150 Animal Welfare/Rights. (Sect. 3.112 (b)). Simply put, animal rights take away some human rights. Proponents, however, would say that animals should be free from human exploitation and cruelty, even if they are below humans in the natural world chain. Inaccurate results. (Sect.2.126 (a)(3)). (Sect. (Sect. Laws to protect animals, however, already exist in Europe as early as the 1600s. (1) "A research facility shall notify the AC Regional Director by certified mail of any change in the name, address, or ownership, or other change in operations affecting its status as a research facility, within 10 days after making such change.". 2.1 (a)(1)). Dead animals are no use for humans If an animal dies during an experiment or test, no results will be gathered. The process described is that of animal experimentation, the act of performing experiments on an animal that can deliberately cause the animal suffering and even death. (e) All animals, except dogs and cats, shall be identified as indicated in section 2.50 (e) by each dealer or exhibitor. According to PETA, the animals who are in research and testing shake and cower in fear whenever someone walks past their cages and their blood pressure spikes drastically. 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